//Relix complex (a Melee/Wizard rehash) - Thorsz scenario - Knight's Tour module

//~incorp rpt()
//~rev arySiz #elms
//~sep lblWd,Ht map side offset vars from lbl ltr dim vars

import java.awt.*;  //incorpg Graphics class
import java.awt.event.*;  //incorpg KeyListener/Adapter,ActionListener/Event classes

public class ktrX0Ap extends Panel{

	int x1=1,x2,x3,x4,x5,y1=1,y2,y3,y4,y5;

		//var lvl 1 routines' constants
	static final int Sho4th=1,UseOpt=2,EncRev=3,OneRnd=4,EndGam=5;
		//var lvl 2 routines' constants
	static final int ChgBd=1,ChkIni=2,ChkRea=3,SidMov=4,PikAct=5,ExeAct=6;
		//var lvl 3 routines' constants
	static final int UsrMov=1,MacMov=2;

	static final int Neg=-1,X=10,C=100,Asc0=+'0';  //note shorthand for (int)'0'

	static final Color StdHue[]={
		Color.black,Color.magenta,Color.red,Color.orange,Color.yellow,
		Color.green,Color.cyan,Color.blue,Color.lightGray,Color.white
		};  //StdHue[]

	int hues[]={0,0,3,9,0,0,0,6,7};  //hue() fnc's indirect ref sto
			static final int BdBkg=1,BdBdr=2,BrfFgd=3,BrfBkg=4,LblFgd=5,LblBkg=6,
				MapBkg=7,MapFgd=8;

/*~unused
	static final Color newHue[]={
		new Color(200,200,C).brighter()  //bright khaki
		};  //newHue[]
//*/

	int newFig,srcFig,tgtFig,atkSrc,atkTgt;  //vals= ary elm#s
	static final int All=-1,Bst=0,Adv=1,Foe=2,Pty=3,Any=4,Set=5,Out=X,By=0;  //nxtFig(), rdmFig() args
	static final String Ctl$="BAba";

	Font ltr,lbl; //& FontMetrics class instance ltrSiz obj
	int ltrPt,lblPt,typHt;

	int bdWd,bdHt,ioWd,ioHt,zonWd,lblWd,lblHt,bdrWd=1;
	int vuWd,vuHt,vuSqWd=34,vuSqHt=24;
	int hlfSqHt=12,hlfSqWd,sqWd,sqHt,mapSqWd,mapSqHt;
	int mapWd,mapHt,mapTop,mapBtm,mapLft,mapRgt,mapTopMar,mapLftMar;

		//hexAsp= C* [tan(30 deg) or 1/sqr(3)= .57]: hexside-to-height ratio at 1:1 display fmt
	int hlfHexSid=7,hlfHexHt,hexSid,hexWd,hexHt,hexAsp=57;
	int minLftMar=5*hlfHexSid/2,minTopMar=2*hlfHexSid;  //~?n*hlfHexSid
	int mapColWd=21,mapRowHt=11;

	//utility vars
	char a$,A$;

	boolean isa1,isA4,isB4,isA6,isA7,isA8,isA9;

	int a1,b1,c1,d1,e1,f1;
	int a2,b2,c2;
	int A2;
	int A3,B3,C3;
	int A4,B4,C4,D4,E4,F4,G4;
	int A6,B6,C6,D6,E6,F6;
	int A7,B7,C7,D7,E7,F7,G7,H7,I7;
	int A8,B8,C8,D8,E8,F8,G8,H8,I8,J8,K8,L8,M8,N8,O8,P8;
	int A9,B9,C9,D9,E9,F9,G9,H9,I9,J9;
	int A0;

	StringBuffer a1$=new StringBuffer();
	StringBuffer A6$=new StringBuffer();
		StringBuffer B6$=new StringBuffer();
		StringBuffer C6$=new StringBuffer();
	StringBuffer A7$=new StringBuffer();
		StringBuffer B7$=new StringBuffer();
		StringBuffer C7$=new StringBuffer();
		StringBuffer D7$=new StringBuffer();
		StringBuffer E7$=new StringBuffer();
	StringBuffer A8$=new StringBuffer();
		StringBuffer B8$=new StringBuffer();
	StringBuffer A9$=new StringBuffer();
	StringBuffer A0$=new StringBuffer();

	StringBuffer inp$=new StringBuffer();  //KeyListener user inp $
	StringBuffer die$=new StringBuffer();  //dic() dice result listg $

		//small util int arys
		static final int FigMax=C; //~=?
	int z1Siz=X,z1[]=new int[z1Siz+1];  //rout lvl1 util ary
	int Z7Siz=X,Z7[]=new int[Z7Siz+1];  //sbr lvl7 util ary
	int Z8Siz=X,Z8[]=new int[Z8Siz+1];  //sbr lvl8 util ary

	int pflLoc[]=new int[7];  //pfl layout on bd

		//data$'s fmt= delimited with commas, (?convert to int if beg with - or 0..9 ?def codes)
		//single z1$[] array with int divider indexes mazMap, chrPoo, itmPoo, chrGrp, itmGrp
	int begDiv,endDiv,begElm,endElm,elmNum,itmElm,dtaEnd,arySiz=200;  //~[#?]
	StringBuffer z1$[]=new StringBuffer[arySiz+1];  //[0] unused; [1]..[arySiz]
	static final char Div$=',',Fre0$='$';  //string data fields delimited with Div$ chrs
	static final String Fre$="$";

	int xsA,xsB;

	static final String WayOut$=";B,<AC,9=BD,:>CE,;?DF,<@EG,=FH,>G,3CJ,4DIK,15AEJL,26BFKM,37CGLN,"  //13
		+"48DHMO,5ENP,6FO,2;KR,13<LQS,249=IMRT,35:>JNSU,46;?KOTV,57<@LPUW,68=MVX,7>NW,:CSZ,"  //25
		+"9;DTY[,:<AEQUZ\\,;=BFRV[],<>CGSW\\^,=?DHTX]_,>@EU^`,?FV_,BK[b,ACL\\ac,BDIMY]bd,CEJNZ^ce,"  //36
		+"DFKO[_df,EGLP\\`eg,FHM]fh,GN^g,JScj,IKTdik,JLQUaejl,KMRVbfkm,LNSWcgln,MOTXdhmo,NPUenp,"
		+"OVfo,R[k,QS\\l,RTY]im,SUZ^jn,TV[_ko,UW\\`lp,VX]m,W^n,Zc,Y[d,Z\\ae,[]bf,\\^cg,]_dh,^`e,_f";
	StringBuffer kntPth$=new StringBuffer();
	StringBuffer pthFrk$=new StringBuffer();

	int basMag=hlfSqHt,drwMag=hlfSqHt;  //~?BasMag cst

	char key1$,key2$,key3$,key4$,key5$;
	boolean isKey,isLin;
	int inpVal,txtX,txtY,txtTyp,argLg,txtCodLg=3;
	StringBuffer lin$=new StringBuffer();


	public static void main(String args[]){  //main mth
		Frame f=new Frame();
		f.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){
		public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e){
			System.exit(0);
			};  //windowClosing(
		});  //f.addWindowListener(

			ktrX0Ap p=new ktrX0Ap();  //Constructor mth runs here:
				//defer any Graphics g mth calls post paint() run at main() end
			p.setSize(1000,1000);
		f.add(p);
		f.pack();
//`			p.init();  //rev as ktrX0Ap() constructor mth:
//`req for array of StringBuffers object's compatibility
		f.setSize(486,414);
		f.setResizable(true);
		f.setVisible(true);

		//paint() run now automatically on startup
		}  //main(


	ktrX0Ap(){

		this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter(){
			public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e){  //prov for (Apple numpad) Enter keys
					key5$=e.getKeyChar();
				if(key5$=='\n')
					keyIn();
				}  //keyPressed mth

			public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e){  //all other keys
					key5$=e.getKeyChar();
				if(key5$!='\n')
					keyIn();
				}  //keyTyped mth
			});  //KeyAdapter class/ addKeyListener args


		//now loading main dta strings array z1$[]
			//note: z1$[0] is left unused - locElm(), etc. may rtn 0 as a "not found"

			//init all StringBuffer elms
			//~optimize into segregated loops IAW expected elm size limits?
		for(a1=1;a1<=arySiz;a1++)  //z1$[0] remains null
			z1$[a1]=new StringBuffer();

		a1=1;
		xsA=a1++;  //transient string elm var usage - eg. see ~
		xsB=a1++;  //persistent (during inputs) string elm var usage - eg. see ~

vuSqHt-=2;  //Note sho4th() cmt re loop action on setSize() in bdSiz() when placed in same case
		bdSiz(false);  //no Graphics g.() mth/ paint() calls yet

		}  //Constructor mth


	public void paint(Graphics g){

		reTrd();  //calls shoBd() -> go() -> (with initial x1=1) sho4th()

			//keybd inp is then accepted/ listened for here; at called routines' rtn
		this.requestFocusInWindow();  //permit keybd detect by KeyListener

		}  //paint mth - will automatically restore keybd focus, if lost 


	void reTrd(){

		shoBd();
		shoFrc();

			if(x5>0){ if(y5>1) y5--; } else  //~?lvl lmt
			if(x4>0){ if(y4>1) y4--; } else
			if(x3>0){ if(y3>1) y3--; } else
			if(x2>0){ if(y2>1) y2--; } else
			if(y1>1) y1--;
		go();

		}  //reTrd mth


	void keyIn(){
		isKey=true;

		Graphics g=getGraphics();

			//clear lin$ (prompt+input): 
			FontMetrics ltrSiz=g.getFontMetrics(ltr);
/*~limit chk
			A8=txtY-typHt*3/4;
			B8=ltrSiz.stringWidth(str(lin$).substring(txtCodLg));
			C8=typHt;
					if(A8+C8>bdHt)
						C8=C8-(A8+C8-bdHt);
//*/
			A8=ltrSiz.stringWidth(str(lin$).substring(txtCodLg));
			g.setColor(hue(BrfBkg));
		g.fillRect(txtX,txtY-typHt*3/4,A8,typHt-1);

		if(isLin){
			if(key5$=='\n' || key5$=='\b' && inp$.length()==argLg){
				isLin=false;
				eq(lin$,str(lin$).substring(argLg));
				if(txtTyp==4)
					inpVal=str(lin$).equals("")?0:Integer.parseInt(str(lin$));  //Enter alone= 0
				}  //if(key5$=='\n'
				else{
					if(key5$=='\b')
						inp$.setLength(Math.max(argLg,inp$.length()-1));
						else
							if(txtTyp!=4 || "0123456789".indexOf(key5$)>=0)
								inp$.append(key5$);

						eq(lin$,inp$);
						g.setColor(hue(BrfFgd));
						g.setFont(ltr);
					g.drawString(str(lin$).substring(txtCodLg),txtX,txtY);
					}  //else(key5$=='\n'
			}  //if(isLin

		if(txtTyp==2)
			inpVal=key5$=='\n'?0:+key5$-Asc0;

			key1$=key2$=key3$=key4$='?';  //~?lvl lmt
		if(x5==0)
			if(x4>0) key4$=key5$; else
			if(x3>0) key3$=key5$; else
			if(x2>0) key2$=key5$; else
			key1$=key5$;

		if(!isLin)
			go();

		}  //keyIn mth


	void go(){
		//director/ switchboard routine: all keybd inp (and repaint()) is sent here -
			//these are those routines that accept key input

			//var lvl 1 routines
		if(x1==Sho4th) sho4th(); else
			if(x1==UseOpt) useOpt(); else
			endGam();

		}  //go mth - keybd inp is accepted/ listened for here; at called rout's rtn


	//var lvl 1 routines

	void sho4th(){
			if(x1!=Sho4th)
				y1=1;

			switch(y1){
		case 1:
			x1=Sho4th;

			y1++;

/*~test lns for WayOut$ dta validation
	eq(xsA,WayOut$);
for(B7=1;B7<65;B7++){
		A$=(char)(B7+Asc0);
		eq(B7$,wrdOut(xsA,B7));
		C7=B7$.length();
	for(D7=0;D7<C7;D7++){
			E7=dij(B7$,D7);
			eq(C7$,wrdOut(xsA,E7));
			F7=str(C7$).indexOf(A$);
		if(F7<0){
			txt("211"+E7+" ("+C7$+") missing "+A$);
			return;
			}  //if(F7<0
		}  //for(D7=0;
	}  //for(B7=1;
//*/

		case 2:
			drwMag=4*basMag;

			y1++;

//			txt("211hit a key");
//			return;

		case 3:
			useOpt();
			return;

			}  //switch(y1

		}  //sho4th mth


	void useOpt(){
			if(x1!=UseOpt)
				y1=1;

			switch(y1){
		case 1:
			x1=UseOpt;

			y1++;

			txt("431tour start sq: ");
			return;

		case 2:
genPth(inpVal);  //~test ln
shoBd();
shoFrc();  //~test ln

			y1++;

//			txt("231tour path:");
//			return;

		case 3:
			y1++;

			txt("231Choose (a)gain or (e)nd:");
			return;

		case 4:
				isa1="Ee".indexOf(key1$)<0;
			if(isa1){
				y1-=3;
				useOpt();
				}  //if(isa1
				else
					endGam();

			}  //switch(y1

		}  //useOpt mth


	void endGam(){
			if(x1!=EndGam)
				y1=1;

			switch(y1){
		case 1:
			x1=EndGam;

			txt("011");
			txt("111done");

			}  //switch(y1

		}  //endGam mth


	//var lvl 6 subroutines

	public void bdSiz(boolean flg){
			isA6=flg;  //to call repaint()

			hlfSqWd=hlfSqHt;  //~proportion? allow chg? sqWd=2*hlfSqWd(+1?)
		sqWd=hlfSqWd<<1;
		sqHt=hlfSqHt<<1;

			ltrPt=Math.max(sqHt*3/4,1);
		ltr=new Font("SanSerif",Font.PLAIN,ltrPt);
		typHt=ltrPt+1;
		ioHt=3*typHt;  //~4*typHt for 4-line i/o (also see txtY in txt())

			lblPt=Math.max(ltrPt*3/4,1);  //~partic appl
		lbl=new Font("SanSerif",Font.PLAIN,lblPt);
		lblWd=ltrPt;  //~partic appl
		lblHt=lblPt;  //~partic appl

		minLftMar=lblWd;
		minTopMar=lblHt;

		mapWd=3*hlfHexSid*mapColWd+hlfHexSid+1+lblWd+2*bdrWd;
			A6=C*(2*hlfHexSid+1)/hexAsp/2;
				if(hlfHexSid==2 || hlfHexSid==3)
					A6--;
		mapHt=vuHt=2*A6*mapRowHt+A6+1+lblHt+2*bdrWd;
		mapSqWd=mapWd/sqWd; mapSqHt=mapHt/sqHt;

		bdWd=mapWd; bdHt=mapHt+ioHt+2;

		ioWd=bdWd; zonWd=ioWd/6;

//`		setSize(bdWd+I,bdHt+I);  //calls repaint but only operative for applets,
			//and only actually resizes in Appletviewer
		if(isA6)
			repaint();  //alternative to setSize() (req -> manl Resizable) for apps
		}  //bdSiz mth


	void shoBd(){

			//paint()-external graphics mth call forces complete redraw in AWT;
			// vs only clipping regions previously obscured by other windows
		Graphics g=getGraphics();

			g.setColor(hue(BdBkg));
		g.fillRect(0,0,bdWd,bdHt);

			g.setColor(hue(BdBdr));
		g.drawRect(0,0,bdWd,bdHt);
		g.drawRect(0,vuHt,ioWd,ioHt+2);

//~		shoPfl(1);

		}  //shoBd mth


	void shoFrc(){

if(kntPth$.length()>63){  //vs incidental calls
		zonWd=ioWd/16;

/*~
		for(A6=0;A6<8;A6++){
				A$=(char)(+'!'+A6);
			txt("1"+A$+"1   "+A6);
			}  //for(A6=0;
//*/

			pthFrk$.setLength(0);  //prep eval info
			eq(xsA,WayOut$);
		for(A6=0;A6<64;A6++){
				B6=dij(kntPth$,A6);
				eq(A6$,wrdOut(xsA,B6));
				C6=A6$.length();
				E6=C;
			for(D6=0;D6<C6;D6++){
					F6=str(kntPth$).indexOf(A6$.charAt(D6));
				if(F6>A6+1 && F6<E6)
					E6=F6;
				}  //for(D6=0;
			pthFrk$.append(E6<C?(char)(E6+Asc0):'0');
			}  //for(A6=0;

		for(A6=0;A6<64;A6++){
				B6=dij(kntPth$,A6)-1;
				A$=(char)(+'!'+B6/8);
			txt("1"+A$+((char)(B6%8+Asc0+2))+(A6<X?"0":"")+A6);
			}  //for(A6=0;

		zonWd=ioWd/8;

		for(A6=0;A6<64;A6++){
				B6=dij(kntPth$,A6);
				C6=dij(pthFrk$,A6);
				A$=(char)(+')'+A6/8);
			txt("1"+A$+((char)(A6%8+Asc0+1))+(A6<X?"0":"")+A6+(C6>0?":"+C6:""));
			}  //for(A6=0;

		zonWd=ioWd/6;
}  //if(kntPth$.length()>63

/*~
		for(A6=figGrp;A6<itmGrp;A6++)
			if(z1$[A6].charAt(0)!=Fre0$)
				shoFig(A6);
//*/

		}  //shoFrc mth


	//var lvl 7 subroutines

	void genPth(int num){  //uses: WayOut$
		//rdm pth gen= pik tgt sq w fewest outbd opts, else rdm sq of those w eq few #opts
			A7=num;  //beg sq: 1..64: top row 12345678, 2nd row 9.. etc.

			kntPth$.setLength(0);  //log for seq of stps: at sqs 1..64
			eq(xsA,WayOut$);
		for(B7=1;B7<64;B7++){
			kntPth$.append((char)(A7+Asc0));
				eq(A7$,wrdOut(xsA,A7));
				C7=A7$.length();
				G7=X;  //ini fewest outbd sqs
				H7=0;  //ini Z7[] idx
			for(D7=0;D7<C7;D7++){
					E7=dij(A7$,D7);
					eq(B7$,wrdOut(xsA,E7));
						F7=str(B7$).indexOf((char)(A7+Asc0));
					insStr(B7$,F7,F7+1,"");
				dtaIn(xsA,E7,str(B7$));
						F7=B7$.length();
					if(F7<G7){
						G7=F7;
						H7=0;
						}  //if(F7<G7
				if(F7==G7)
					Z7[++H7]=E7;
				}  //for(D7=0;
			A7=Z7[ran(H7)];

/*~basic (untrue randomness, no Z7[] prv for addn) alt:
				if(F7<G7 || F7==G7 && ran(2)<2){
					G7=F7;
					H7=E7;
					}  //if(F7<G7 ||
				}  //for(D7=0;
			A7=H7;
//*/

//*~nearby forkg pth addn:
				B7$.setLength(0);
				C7=0;
			for(D7=1;D7<=H7;D7++){
					eq(xsB,WayOut$);
					eq(A7$,wrdOut(xsB,Z7[D7]));
					E7=A7$.length();
				for(F7=0;F7<E7;F7++){
						A$=A7$.charAt(F7);
						G7=str(kntPth$).indexOf(A$);
					if(G7>=C7 && B7-G7<X){  //~?<X eff
//~						C7=G7;
						B7$.append((char)(Z7[D7]+Asc0));
						}  //if(G7>=C7
					}  //for(F7=0;
				}  //for(D7=0;
					C7=B7$.length();
				if(C7>0)
					A7=dij(B7$,ran(C7)-1);
//*/

			}  //for(B7=1;
		kntPth$.append((char)(A7+Asc0));

		}  //genPth mth - rtns: kntPth$


	//var lvl 8 subroutines

	void txt(String dta$){
				eq(lin$,dta$);

		eq(inp$,lin$);  //note: lin$ & inp$ passed thru KeyListener

		argLg=lin$.length();  //note: argLg & txtTyp passed thru KeyListener
		txtTyp=dij(lin$,0);

		B8=dij(lin$,1);
		C8=dij(lin$,2);

		Graphics g=getGraphics();

			txtX=(C8-1)*zonWd+bdrWd+1;
			txtY=vuHt+B8*ioHt/3-typHt/4+1;  //~ioHt/4 for 4-line i/o

		if(txtTyp==0){  //clear rect space
			//clear from desig zone right & down to btm of area
				//~?-> redraw bdr for that whole area (which area: deter by line#)
			txtX--;
			txtY-=typHt*3/4;
			C8=ioHt-(B8-1)*typHt-1;
			B8=ioWd-txtX;
				g.setColor(hue(BrfBkg));
			g.fillRect(txtX,txtY,B8,C8);
				//~g.setColor(StdHue[bdBdr]);
			//~g.drawRect(areaBdrx,areay,areawd,areaht);
			return;
			}  //if(txtTyp==0
			else{
					g.setColor(hue(BrfFgd));
					g.setFont(ltr);
				g.drawString(str(lin$).substring(txtCodLg),txtX,txtY);
						if(txtTyp==5){  //display in pseudo bold type
							g.drawString(str(lin$).substring(txtCodLg),txtX+1,txtY);
							txtTyp=1;
							}  //if(txtTyp==5
				}  //else (txtTyp==0

		isKey=false;
		if(txtTyp==2){
			key5$=key4$=key3$=key2$=key1$='0';  //~default vals, in case of mouse click - nec?
			inpVal=0;  //ini for KeyListener
			}  //if(txtTyp==2
			else
				if(txtTyp>2)
					isLin=true;  //decl as false, & leaves keyTyped() false

		}  //txt mth


	void dtaIn(int elm,int nth,String ins$){
				eq(A8$,ins$);

			nthDiv(elm,nth);  //note ini asgn: A9=elm; B9=nth
		insStr(z1$[A9],begDiv,endDiv,A8$);

		}  //dtaIn mth


	//var lvl 9 subroutines

	int valOut(int elm,int num){
		//db ary chk suite: pri() - locElm() - val/wrdOut() - nthDiv()

			A$=wrdOut(elm,num).charAt(0);  //A9,B9 of nthDiv()
		return C9="+-0123456789".indexOf(A$)<0?0
			:Integer.parseInt(str(A9$).substring(A$=='+'?1:0));  //A9$ of wrdOut()

		}  //valOut mth


	String wrdOut(int elm,int num){
		//db ary chk suite: pri() - locElm() - val/wrdOut() - nthDiv()
			//~if either elm or num outside expected bounds, rtn "?"

				nthDiv(elm,num);  //note ini asgns: A9=elm, B9=num
			eq(A9$,str(z1$[A9]).substring(begDiv,endDiv));
		return str(A9$);

		}  //wrdOut mth


	void nthDiv(int elm,int nth){
		//db ary chk suite: pri() - locElm() - val/wrdOut() - nthDiv()
				A9=elm;
				B9=nth;

		begDiv=0;
		for(C9=B9;C9>0;C9--){
			endDiv=str(z1$[A9]).indexOf(Div$,begDiv);
			if(C9>1)
				if(endDiv==-1)
					;//note error of nth>#Divs
					else
					begDiv=endDiv+1;
			}  //for(C9=B9;
		if(endDiv==-1)
			endDiv=z1$[A9].length();

		}  //nthDiv mth - 1st field nth= 1


	int ran(int num){
			A9=num;

		if(A9<2)  //+ or 0 only
			return B9=A9;

			B9=(int)(A9*Math.random());
		return ++B9;  //=(int)Math.floor(A9*Math.random()+1)

		}  //ran mth - rtns: A9= rdm int in rng 1..num


 	int dij(StringBuffer dta$,int loc){

		return dij(str(dta$),loc);  //note ini asgn: A9$=dta$, A9=loc

		}  //dij mth w StringBuffer arg


	int dij(String dta$,int loc){
			eq(A9$,dta$);
			A9=loc;

		return B9=+A9$.charAt(A9)-Asc0;

		}  //dij mth w String arg


	//var lvl 0 subroutines

	Color hue(int val){

		return StdHue[hues[val]];

		}  //hue mth


	void insStr(StringBuffer sbj$,int at,StringBuffer ins$){

		insStr(sbj$,at,at,ins$);

		}  //insStr mth

	void insStr(StringBuffer sbj$,int at,String ins$){

		insStr(sbj$,at,at,ins$);

		}  //insStr mth

	void insStr(StringBuffer sbj$,int at,int to,StringBuffer ins$){

		insStr(sbj$,at,to,str(ins$));

		}  //insStr mth

	void insStr(StringBuffer sbj$,int at,int to,String ins$){
		//~equiv to sbj$.delete(at,to); sbj$.insert(at,ins$)  ~.delete,.insert useable?
				eq(A0$,sbj$);

		eqs(sbj$,str(A0$).substring(0,at))  //~note: A0$.substring() hangs browser
			.append(ins$)
			.append(str(A0$).substring(to));

		}  //insStr mth


	int sgn(int num){
			A0=num;

		if(A0<0)
			A0=-1;
		if(A0>0)
			A0=1;

		return A0;

		}  //sgn mth


	//StringBuffer <-> String utilities:

/*~alt for asgn to $Bfr, to avoid use of local $ var:

	eq(a1$).append("ok");

	StringBuffer eq(StringBuffer sbj$){
		sbj$.setLength(0);
		return sbj$;
		}  //eq mth
//*/

	StringBuffer eqs(int elm,StringBuffer obj$){

		return eqs(z1$[elm],obj$);

		}  //eqs fnc mth w int (array elm) arg


	StringBuffer eqs(StringBuffer sbj$,StringBuffer obj$){

		return eqs(sbj$,str(obj$));

		}  //eqs fnc mth w StringBuffer arg


	StringBuffer eqs(int elm,String obj$){

		return eqs(z1$[elm],obj$);

		}  //eqs fnc mth w int (array elm) arg


	StringBuffer eqs(StringBuffer sbj$,String obj$){

			eq(sbj$,obj$);
		return sbj$;

		}  //eqs fnc mth w String arg


	void eq(int elm,StringBuffer obj$){

		eq(z1$[elm],obj$);

		}  //eq mth w int (array elm) arg


	void eq(StringBuffer sbj$,StringBuffer obj$){

		eq(sbj$,str(obj$));

		}  //eq mth w StringBuffer arg


	void eq(int elm,String obj$){

		eq(z1$[elm],obj$);

		}  //eq mth w int (array elm) arg


	void eq(StringBuffer sbj$,String obj$){

			sbj$.setLength(0);
		sbj$.append(obj$);

		}  //eq mth w String arg


	String str(StringBuffer sbj$){
			//When used without assigning= a String var, doesn't alloc mry to copy Buffer,
			//just refs existing Buffer (per API detail: Implementation advice) for efficiency.

		return sbj$.toString();

		}  //str fnc mth - cnv bfr to str: allows for str-only opns on bfr contents


	}  //Ap Panel's cla